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Arcos' work suggests. Earthquakes and Faults | WA - DNR The EPZ is active, being the locale of the 1995 M 5 Point Robinson earthquake.[136]. Saint Helens and Mt. Turkey's fault line is similar to faults under Puget Sound Study of surface deformation suggests possible unmapped faults near Federal Way, running between Sumner and Steilacoom, and south of Renton.[223]. [102] Or the Crescent margin may simply (and quietly) just run south-southeast under Seattle to the WRZ. In the wedge model of Pratt et al. [206] This line may also mark the northwestern boundary of the SWCC. Although the southwest striking Canyon River Fault is not seen to directly connect with the Saddle Mountain faults, they are in general alignment, and both occur in a similar context of Miocene faulting (where Crescent Formation strata has been uplifted by the Olympics) and a linear aeromagnetic anomaly. The answer is still unresolved. [52], Subsequent mapping shows the SWIF wrapping around the eastern end of the Seattle Basin to merge with the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (RMFZ); the RMFZ, despite the approximately 15 bend and different context, is now believed to be the southern extension of the SWIF. normal. Shallow fault below Seattle went undiscovered for a millennium Puget Sound Lidar Consortium Finding faults scarp(n). Though these faults have been traced for only a little ways, the southeast striking anticlines they are associated with continue as far as Riffe Lake, near Mossyrock. Whether the faulting continues eastward is not yet determined. A parallel line ("B") about 15 miles (25 kilometers) to the west corresponds to the western limit of a zone of seismicity stretching from the WRZ to southwest of Portland. It does bound the north side of the Chehalis basin, but the south boundary of the Black Hills Uplift is more properly the southeast striking Scammon Creek Fault that converges with the DotySalzer Creek Fault just north of Chehalis. See. From the north these are (see the map at right): The Hood Canal Fault (and its possible extensions) and Saddle Mountain faults to the west are believed to form the western boundary to all this. Geographic boundaries of Puget Sound and the Salish Sea Sail Date . [85] The Tokul Creek Fault (TCF) strikes NNE from Snoqualmie, aligned with a possible offset of the Western Melange Belt[86] and with a valley that cuts through to the Skykomish River; it is now believed to be of regional significance. [195] The southwestern boundary of the SWCC, where it is believed to be in near vertical contact with the Eocene basalts of the Crescent Formation, forms a good part of the 90km (56 mile) long SHZ. Geologic map of southwestern Washington (GM-34). Part of the Snohomish River Delta between Everett and Marysville could get nearly 6 feet, and Seattle's Harbor Island could be inundated with nearly 4 feet of water. This is an important observation because the Strawberry Point, Utsalady Point, Southern Whidbey Island, and various other unnamed faults lying between the DDMFZ and the OWL all of which converge at the western end of the DDMFZ seem to be intermediate versions of the DDMFZ.[34]. [90], The RMFZ continues NNW past Fall City and Carnation, where strands of the RMFZ have been mapped making a gentle turn of 15 to 20 west to meet the Southern Whidbey Island Fault zone (SWIF, discussed above); the RMFZ is therefore considered to be an extension of the SWIF. A Seattle Fault quake could be as large as M7.5,160 but less than M7.0 is more probable. Though a 2012 study[149] interpreted a different variety of tomographic data as showing the Hood Canal fault, other mapping has "found no convincing evidence for the existence of this fault",[150] considers it doubtful,[151] depicted it "with low level of confidence",[152] or omits it entirely. Methane Plume Emissions Associated With Puget Sound Faults in the Cascadia Forearc. Mapping from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network shows that the bulk of the earthquakes in western Washington are concentrated in four places: in two narrow zones under Mt. [210] The zone between these two lines, reflecting changes in regional structure, seismicity, fault orientation, and possibly the underlying lithospheric structure, appears to be a major structural boundary in the Puget Lowland. Energy builds up as elastic strain in rocks. [198], Does the SHZ extend north? [133] The Tacoma fault was initially suspected of following a weak magnetic anomaly west to the Frigid Creek fault,[127] but is now believed to connect with a steep gravitational, aeromagnetic, and seismic velocity gradient that strikes north towards Green Mountain (Blue Hills uplift). [46] Seismic tomography studies show that this portion of the SWIF marks a strong contrast of seismic velocities, such as is expected of Crescent Formation basalts in contact with the metamorphic basement rocks of the Cascades geologic province to the east. [118], Studies of the Seattle Fault west of Bremerton have revealed a complexity of geological structure and faulting. Accommodation of strain (displacement) between the Seattle Fault and the Saddle Mountain deformation zone is likely distributed across the more pliable sediments of the Dewatto Basin; this, and the greater depth to the Crescent Formation, may account for the subdued expression of the Seattle Fault west of Green Mountain. In 1870, as construction of the Northern Pacific began, Seattle numbered fewer than 1,200 souls. With inland, Puget Sound faults, like the Seattle Fault, the risk is comparatively smaller. This formation, up to 15km thick, is largely buried (from one to ten kilometers deep), and known mainly by magnetotellurics and other geophysical methods. [139] The Dewatto linement extends from the western end of the Tacoma fault (see map immediately above) northward towards Green Mountain at the western end of the Seattle fault. The passive roof duplex model of Brocher et al. The Bellingham BayChaplain fault zone was first mapped by Cheney in 1976 as running from near Chaplain Lake (north of Sultan) NNW past Bellingham Bay. Washington State Earthquake Hazard Map Seattle Fault Lines 552 - Hood Canal fault zone (Class B) 570 - Seattle fault zone 572 - Southern Whidbey Island fault zone 575 - Saddle Mountain faults 581 - Tacoma fault zone USA Earthquake Hazard Map Source: United States Geological Survey Ready to retrofit? [114] An early view was that "the Seattle Fault appears to be truncated by the Hood Canal fault and does not extend into the Olympic Mountains". 182-3]", "Western limits of the Seattle fault zone and its interaction with the Olympic Peninsula, Washington", "Seismic reflection imaging across the eastern portions of the Tacoma fault zone", "The western extension of the Seattle fault: new insights from seismic reflection data", "Seismic Characterization of the Seattle and Southern Whidbey Island Fault Zones in the Snoqualmie River Valley, Washington", "Fault number 552, Hood Canal fault zone", "Radiocarbon Ages of Probable Coseismic Features from the Olympic Peninsula and Lake Sammamish, Washington", "Geologic map of the Summit Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle, Thurston and Mason Counties, Washington", "The Olympia structure; ramp or discontinuity? Its capable magnitude is a megathrust quake exceeding 9.0. Though the Olympia Structure (a suspected fault) runs towards the SHZ, and delineates the northern edge of an exposed section of the Crescent Formation, it appears to be an upper crustal fold, part of a pattern of folding that extends southeast to cross the Columbia River near The Dalles, and unrelated to the mid and lower crustal SHZ. Click a second point on the map, this will be the right side of the cross-section. The Puget Sound faults under the heavily populated Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of Washington state form a regional complex of interrelated seismogenic (earthquake-causing) geologic faults. This interpretation suggests that the Seattle Uplift acts as a rigid block, and possibly explains the kinematic linkage by which large earthquakes may involve ruptures on multiple faults: the Seattle, Dewatto, and Tacoma faults represent the northern, western, and southern faces of a single block. Analyze Instructions: Close. 10+ Cruises Age 2020s. Site Info - Earth and Space Sciences - University of Washington Mount Vernon Fault/Granite Falls FZ/Woods Creek, Rogers Belt (Mount Vernon Fault/Granite Falls Fault Zone), Saint Helens Zone and Western Rainier Zone, Quaternary fault and fold database (QFFDB), USGS QFFDB Fault #574, Devils Mountain Fault, USGS QFFDB Fault #571, Strawberry Point Fault, USGS QFFDB Fault #573, Utsalady Point Fault, Brightwater regional sewage treatment plant, USGS QFFDB Fault #572, Southern Whidbey Island Fault, USGS QFFDB Fault #575, Saddle Mountain Faults, "A Rifted Margin Origin for the Crescent Basalts and Related Rocks in the Northern Coast Range Volcanic Province, Washington and British Columbia", "Preliminary atlas of active shallow tectonic deformation in the Puget Lowland, Washington", "Volcanism, Isostatic Residual Gravity, and Regional Tectonic Setting of the Cascade Volcanic Province", "Findings on the southern Whidbey Island fault zone from aeromagnetic anomalies, lidar surveys, and trenching", "The Saddle Mountain Fault Deformation Zone, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Western Boundary of the Seattle Uplift", "Connecting Crustal Faults and Tectonics from Puget Sound across the Cascade Range to the Yakima Fold and Thrust Belt, Washington: Evidence from New High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data [Abstract GP232-02]", Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, "The Cottage Lake Aeromagnetic Lineament: A possible onshore extension of the Southern Whidbey Island Fault, Washington", "Location, structure, and seismicity of the Seattle fault zone, Washington: Evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and seismic-reflection data", 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0169:LSASOT>2.0.CO;2, "High-pressure metamporphism and uplift of the Olympic subduction complex", 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1252:HPMAUO>2.3.CO;2, "Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a Passive-Roof Duplex", "Tectonic elements and evolution of northwest Washington", "Quaternary faulting on Dow Mountain, Mason County", "Major Cenozoic faults in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington", "High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Imaging of Growth Folding and Shallow Faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State", "LITHOPROBE southern Vancouver Island: Cenozoic subduction complex imaged by deep seismic reflections", "Geologic map of the Lilliwaup 7.5-minute quadrangle, Mason County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Holly 7.5-minute quadrangle, Jefferson, Kitsap, and Mason Counties, Washington", "Geologic map of the Eldon 7.5-minute quadrangle, Jefferson, Kitsap, and Mason Counties, Washington", "Geophysical Investigation of the Southern Puget Sound Area, Washington", "Geologic Map and Interpreted Geologic History of the Bow and Alger 7.5-minute Quadrangles, Western Skagit County, Washington", "Geologic Map of Washington Northwest Quadrant", "Geologic map of the Oak Harbor, Crescent Harbor, and part of the Smith Island 7.5-minute quadrangles, Island County", "Geologic map of the McMurray 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Skagit and Snohomish Counties, Washington, with a Discussion of the Evidence for Holocene Activity on the DarringtonDevils Mountain Fault Zone", "Geologic map of the Fall City 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the North Bend 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington, with a discussion of major faults, folds, and basins in the map area", "Geologic Map of the Snoqualmie 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Carnation 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Supplement to the geologic map of the Carnation 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington Geochronologic, geochemical, point count, geophysical, earthquake, fault, and neotectonic data", "Geologic map of the Monroe 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Lake Joy 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Sultan 7.5-minute quadrangle, Snohomish and King Counties, Washington", "Geologic Map of the Lake Chaplain 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Lake Roesiger 7.5-minute quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington", "Geologic Map of the Granite Falls 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington", "Imaging Crustal Structure in Southwestern Washington With Small Magnetometer Arrays", "Geology of the Mount St. Helens Area: Record of Discontinuous Volcanic and Plutonic Activity in the Cascade Arc of Southern Washington", "Geophysical constraints on Washington convergent margin structure", "Aeromagnetic map compilation: procedures for merging and an example from Washington", "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue - a new perspective on seismic hazards in Washington using aeromagnetic data", "Constraints on surface deformation in the Seattle, WA, urban corridor from satellite radar interferometry time-series analysis", "Crustal Structure and Earthquake Hazards of the Subduction Zone in Southwestern British Columbia and Western Washington", "Late Mesozoic or Early Tertiary Melanges in the Western Cascades of Washington", "Seismotectonic map of the Puget Sound region, Washington", "Distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic vents in the Cascade Range: Volcanic arc segmentation and regional tectonic considerations", "Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington", "Fault scarp detection beneath dense vegetation cover: airborne LIDAR mapping of the Seattle Fault Zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington State", 10.1130/1052-5173(2003)13<0004:HLTOTP>2.0.CO;2, "Structural variation along the Devil's Mountain fault zone, northwestern Washington", 10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<15:SOTCVC>2.0.CO;2, "Fault number 572, Southern Whidbey Island Fault", "Active shortening of the Cascadia forearc and implications for seismic hazards of the Puget Lowland", "Active tectonics of the Seattle fault and central Puget Sound, Washington Implications for earthquake hazards", 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1042:ATOTSF>2.3.CO;2, "Evidence for Late Holocene Earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, Northern Puget Lowland, Washington", 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0071:OAEOTS>2.3.CO;2, "The southern Whidbey Island fault An active structure in the Puget Lowland, Washington", 10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0334:TSWIFA>2.3.CO;2, "Late Holocene displacement on the Southern Whidbey Island fault zone, northern Puget lowland", "The Tahuya Lineament: Southwestern Extension of the Seattle Fault? Gonzalez: That Seattle Fault tsunami has been modeled by others. These are usually fairly short, and not believed to be significantly seismogenic. Bubbles of methane rising from seafloor in Puget Sound William Pietsch - Distribution Grid Managment Analyst - Puget Sound This is supported by geologically recent scarps and other signs of active faulting on the Saddle Mountain faults, and also discovery of a geophysical lineament running through Pleasant Harbor (south of Brinnon) that appears to truncate strands of the Seattle Fault. [156], The Saddle Mountain Faults ("East" and "West", and not to be confused with a different Saddle Mountains Fault in Adams county, eastern Washington[157]), are a set of northeast trending reverse faults on the south-east flank of the Olympic Mountains near Lake Cushman first described in 1973 and 1975. (A) Map of the Seattle fault zone (SFZ) in the central Puget Sound On the east, the Devils Mountain Fault connects with the south striking Darrington Fault (not shown) which runs to the OWL, and the Southern Whidbey Island Fault extends via the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (dashed line) to the OWL. Just four miles (6km) south the city of Oak Harbor straddles several stands of the Utsalady Point Fault (UPF) as they head roughly east-southeast towards Utsalady Point at the north end of Camano Island. It may also be the original location of the DarringtonDevils Mountain Fault (the dashed line "X" at the top of the following map). Earthquake Hazard Maps | Sound Seismic [74], Early Eocene igneous units in the area appear to be part of a 49- to 44- Ma magmatic belt that appeared just after the arrival of Siletzia, and possibly associated with that event. This map shows areas of seismic risk from high (red) to low (grayish-green). [39] On the basis of marine seismic reflection surveying in the Strait of Juan de Fuca it has been suggested that the DMF, SPF, and UPF are structurally connected (at least in the segment crossing Whidbey Island). [56] But detailed mapping just past the intersection shows only a complex and confused pattern of faulting, with no indication that there is, or is not, through-going faulting. [123] Other studies have faults extending NW or WNW from the SF towards Dabob Bay;[124] these are now recognized as part of the Dabob Bay fault zone. Estimated shaking in the Puget Sound - Strange Sounds Very little is known about the structure of the deep crust (below about 30km or 19 miles), though this and other seismic tomography studies (such as Ramachandran 2001) provide tantalizing glimpses. Active tectonics of the Seattle fault and central Puget sound Earthquakes occur nearly every day in Washington. Display Faults. The principal effects of this complex interplay of forces on the near-surface crust underlying the Puget Lowland are: Further complicating this is a feature of unknown structure and origin, the OlympicWallowa Lineament (OWL). Let's make your home safer Job Description. Nurse Recruiter at VA Puget Sound health care, 206-764-2487. The apparent gap north of Riffe Lake is possibly due to obscuration by volcanic deposits of the Northcraft Formation. This structure is shown in the gravitational mapping of 1965, but without comment. 2-5 Cruises Age 60s. 64, on-line) that the edge of the Crescent Formation offsets west along the Seattle Fault, with the Seattle Basin resulting from a gap between the main part of Siletiza and a northern block that has broken away. [199] It has been speculated that the SHZ might extend under the Kitsap Peninsula (central Puget Sound), possibly involved with a section of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate that is suspected of being stuck. [27] This "basement" rock is covered with sedimentary deposits similar to the Chuckanut Formation, and more recent (typically Miocene) volcanic deposits. One problem with this is that the parts of the SWIF east of Puget Sound do not show the velocity contrasts that would indicate contrasting rock types. The earthquake scenario used in the modeling is a "very large, low-probability" magnitude 7.5 earthquake on the Seattle Fault, which runs east-west through Puget Sound and downtown Seattle.. Geologic Map. The first item on your list though is the fault of builders and nobody else. New tsunami simulation predicts flooding on Olympic Peninsula | Tacoma This MSH-MR-GP lineament is believed to reflect a "long-lived deep-seated lithospheric flaw that has exerted major control on transfer of magma to the upper crust of southern Washington for approximately the last 25 [million years]";[203] it has been attributed to the geometry of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate.[205]. Marine technician Sony Brugger, right, retrieves underwater sampling equipment during a December 2020 research cruise aboard the RV Rachel Carson. [28] Faults and folds may develop where the thrust sheet is being bent, or where the leading edge is thrust over softer, weaker sedimentary deposits, and breaks off and slumps. This fault produced a large earthquake that left a geologic record of surface offsets about 1100 years ago. However, an enormous threat lurks just off the coast of the Pacific Northwest. It is believed that all of these faults, folds, basins, and uplifts are related. Other faults to the south and southeast the Frigid Creek Fault and (to the west) Canyon River Fault suggest an extended zone of faulting at least 45km long. Plot Type: X-Section Depth Cumulative # Mag-Time. They are also on-strike with a swarm of faults on the Columbia River, bracketing The Dalles. E.g., HH mlange rock has been found in Manastash Ridge, 110km to the south (look for the small sliver of purple near the bottom of the diagram). Deep quakes are the most common large earthquakes that occur in the Puget Sound region. [203] This line is the southernmost of a band of NE trending faults and topographical lineaments that extend from the Oregon coast into the North Cascades. The Seattle Fault, a zone of east-west thrust faults under the Puget Sound and Seattle, last ruptured in a magnitude-7.0 to -7.5 earthquake about 1,100 years ago. East of Puget Sound the basement of the Cascades province is various pre-Tertiary (older than 65 Ma) metamorphic rock. [213] Seismicity sometimes occurs in zones, such as has been observed under Mercer Island, or from downtown Seattle towards Kirkland[214] but whether particular zones reflect undiscovered faults, or might be the source of damaging earthquakes, is generally unknown. The largest intra-crustal earthquakes have about the same total energy (which is about one-hundredth of a subduction event), but since they are closer to the surface they will cause more powerful shaking, and, therefore, more damage. Harold Tobin, a researcher at the University of Washington and director of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, says the fault line that caused earthquake that shook southern Turkey near the Turkish-Syrian border and killed more than 7,000 people is similar to the faults under Puget Sound. [44] The significance of this whether the edge of the Crescent Formation (and implicitly of the Siletz terrane) turns southward (discussed below), or the metamorphic basement is supplanted here by other volcanic rock is not known. TTY Relay 711. Puget Sound Energy. (Their model of the Black Hills Uplift is analogous with their "wedge" model of the Seattle Uplift, discussed above, but in the opposite direction. [109] It extends as far east as (and probably terminates at) the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (RMFZ; the southern extension of the SWIF) near Fall City. Marine seismic reflection surveys on either side of Whidbey Island extend the known length of these faults to at least 26 and 28km (about 15 miles). 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