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But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Just saying hello was difficult. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. It can be almost counterintuitive to listen to how much giggling and laughing you do in ordinary - actually rather plain exchanges with people. Lost In Translation- Hidden Brain Podcast Transcript .pdf This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale. I'm Shankar Vedanta. They believe that their language reflects the true structure of the world. Of course, eventually, the Finnish kids also figured it out because language isn't the only source of that information, otherwise it would be quite surprising for the Finns to be able to continue to reproduce themselves. But, if you dig a little deeper, you may find that they share much more: they might make the same amount of money as you, or share the, We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, by Harry Reis, Edward P. Lemay Jr, and Catrin Finkenauer, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2017. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. All episodes of Hidden Brain - Chartable And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. And all of a sudden, I noticed that there was a new window that had popped up in my mind, and it was like a little bird's-eye view of the landscape that I was walking through, and I was a little red dot that was moving across the landscape. We post open positions (including internships) on our jobs page. Copyright 2023 Steno. Hidden Brain - KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. BORODITSKY: I spoke really terrible Indonesian at the time, so I was trying to practice. VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? And they said, well, of course. How do certain memes go viral? Imagine this. There are different ways to be a psychologist. And you've conducted experiments that explore how different conceptions of time in different languages shape the way we think about the world and shape the way we think about stories. You can't touch time. And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. So when the perfect woman started writing him letters, it seemed too good to be true. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. You can't smell or taste time. After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and Copyright 2018 NPR. The only question was in which way. When she was 12, her family came to the United States from the Soviet Union. BORODITSKY: So quite literally, to get past hello, you have to know which way you're heading. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right? And MIT linguist Ken Hale, who's a renowned linguist, said that every time a language dies, it's the equivalent of a bomb being dropped on the Louvre. So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". It is the very fabric, the very core of your experience. If you're bilingual or multilingual, you may have noticed that different languages make you stretch in different ways. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? They know which way is which. Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts Follow on Apple, Google or Spotify. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. We use a lot of music on the show! ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. You're also not going to do algebra. You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #3: (As character) I'm willing to get involved. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. June 20, 2020 This week on Hidden Brain, research about prejudices so deeply buried, we often doubt their existence. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. HIDDEN BRAIN < Lost in Translation: January 29, 20189:00 PM ET VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. That is the direction of writing in Hebrew and Arabic, going from right to left. Whats going on here? And so for me, that question was born in that conversation of are there some languages where it's easier to imagine a person without their characteristics of gender filled in? Look at it. I'm . Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. Marcus Butt/Getty Images/Ikon Images Hidden Brain Why Nobody Feels Rich by Shankar Vedantam , Parth Shah , Tara Boyle , Rhaina Cohen September 14, 2020 If you've ever flown in economy class. But time doesn't have to flow with respect to the body. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Subscribe Visit website Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our. This takes kids a little while to figure out, and he had all kinds of clever ways to ask these questions. And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. SHANKAR VEDANTAM, HOST:This is HIDDEN BRAIN. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and how to keep difficult emotions from sabotaging our wellbeing. * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. What we think of today as a word undergoing some odd development or people using some new construction is exactly how Latin turned into French. Yes! I've always found that a very grating way to ask for something at a store. And it ended up becoming less a direct reflection of hearty laughter than an indication of the kind of almost subconscious laughter that we do in any kind of conversation that's meant as friendly. MCWHORTER: Yeah. Welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN. Listen on the Reuters app. If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. VEDANTAM: Around the world, we often hear that many languages are dying, and there are a few megalanguages that are growing and expanding in all kinds of ways. What do you do for christmas with your family? Whats going on here? And if it was feminine, then you're likely to paint death as a woman. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. (Speaking Japanese). As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. It should be thought of as fun. You may link to our content and copy and paste episode descriptions and Additional Resources into your invitations. But can you imagine someone without imagining their gender? BORODITSKY: The way to say my name properly in Russian is (speaking foreign language), so I don't make people say that. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more el, When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. Lera, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Arlen C. Moller, Motivation Science, 2020. We lobby a neighbor to vote for our favored political candidate. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. It's part of a general running indication that everything's OK between you and the other person, just like one's expected to smile a little bit in most interactions. VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? For example, when we started talking about navigation, that's an example where a 5-year-old in a culture that uses words like north, south, east and west can point southeast without hesitation. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. You may also use the Hidden Brain name in invitations sent to a small group of personal contacts for such purposes as a listening club or discussion forum. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. But it is a completely crucial part of the human experience. "Most of the laughter we produce is purely . VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often untranslatable. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, What Do You Do When Things Go Right? It's how we think about anything that's abstract, that's beyond our physical senses. Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), by Harry T. Reis et. So the way you say hi in Kuuk Thaayorre is to say, which way are you heading? But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. al, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. I just don't want to do it. So I think that nobody would say that they don't think language should change. What techniques did that person use to persuade you? We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. This week, we launch the first of a two-part mini-series on the scie, If you think about the people in your life, it's likely that they share a lot in common with you. If I give you a bunch of pictures to lay out and say this is telling you some kind of story and you - and they're disorganized, when an English speaker organizes those pictures, they'll organize them from left to right. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. That's because change is hard. I think language can certainly be a contributor into the complex system of our thinking about gender. BORODITSKY: Yeah. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? So it's mendokusai. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking foreign language). One study that I love is a study that asked monolingual speakers of Italian and German and also bilingual speakers of Italian and German to give reasons for why things are the grammatical genders that they are. We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. Who Do You Want To Be? - Hidden Brain (pdcast) | Listen Notes UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. What Makes Lawyers Happy? GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Science 4.6 36K Ratings; Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. (LAUGHTER) VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. And it irritates people, but there's a different way of seeing literally. For more of our Relationships 2.0 series, check out one of our most popular episodes ever about why marriages are so hard. But I don't think that it's always clear to us that language has to change in that things are going to come in that we're going to hear as intrusions or as irritating or as mistakes, despite the fact that that's how you get from, say, old Persian to modern Persian. And one thing that we've noticed is that around the world, people rely on space to organize time. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. This week on Hidden Brain, psychologist Adam Grant describes the magic th And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. So the word for the is different for women than for men, and it's also different for forks versus spoons and things like that. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Hidden Brain | Hidden Brain Media Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, by Kennon M. Sheldon, Motivation Science, 2020. But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. And that is an example of a simple feature of language - number words - acting as a transformative stepping stone to a whole domain of knowledge. Let's start with the word literally. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? VEDANTAM: (Laughter) All right, I think it might be time for me to confess one of my pet peeves. Because were a small team, we dont have a publicly-available list of every piece of music that we use. But also, I started wondering, is it possible that my friend here was imagining a person without a gender for this whole time that we've been talking about them, right? We recommend movies or books to a friend. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. And if you teach them that forks go with women, they start to think that forks are more feminine. There was no way of transcribing an approximation of what people said and nobody would have thought of doing it. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. There's a way of speaking right. But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. Could this affect the way, you know, sexism, conscious or unconscious, operates in our world? If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. You know, endings are going to tend to drop off. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? It has to do with the word momentarily. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. Of course that's how you BORODITSKY: And so what was remarkable for me was that my brain figured out a really good solution to the problem after a week of trying, right? Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer, experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a. feeling or an experience. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. If you, grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your. So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. VEDANTAM: Many of us have dictionaries at home or at work, John. Who Do You Want To Be? | Hidden Brain Media Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. Whats going on here? Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, by Philip Tetlock, Psychology Review, 2002. by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. FAQ | Hidden Brain Media They can be small differences but important in other ways. Those are quirks of grammar literally in stone. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. MCWHORTER: No, because LOL was an expression; it was a piece of language, and so you knew that its meaning was going to change. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. They are ways of seeing the world. They're more likely to see through this little game that language has played on them. Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. And the answer should be, north, northeast in the far distance; how about you? Languages are not just tools. ), The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, 2018. For example, if you take seeds and put them in the ground, that's one thing. It's too high. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. That is the most random thing. That hadn't started then. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, by Amy Edmondson, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999. Hidden Brain : NPR So that, again, is a huge difference. Hidden Brain. And so what that means is if someone was sitting facing south, they would lay out the story from left to right. So in English, I might say that Sam (ph) broke the flute. Our team includes Laura Kwerel, Adhiti Bandlamudi and our supervising producer Tara Boyle. I'm shankar Vedantam in the 2002 rom com. There are signs it's getting even harder. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. And if they were facing east, they would make the cards come toward them, toward the body. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. Everyone wants to be loved and appreciated. In The Air We Breathe : NPR Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. There was no such thing as looking up what it originally meant. I know-uh (ph) is there, or something along the lines of babe-uh (ph). All rights reserved. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Take the word bridge - if it's feminine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are beautiful and elegant. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. But somehow they've managed, not just by randomly bumping into each other. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio.