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D. hallucinogen. D. According to the theory, very unusual aspects of dreamssuch as odd activities, strange images, and sudden scene shifts cannot be understood. Sleeping pills are classified as a(n) C. conditioned response (CR). Marijuana and LSD are considered to be C. a circadian rhythm anomaly. B. Proactive and retroactive interference are examples of C. Contiguity The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that D. observational learning. principles to consumers by showing ads that pair something pleasant with a product in hope that you, B. stage 2 Miranda then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and B. REM sleep is an active stage of sleep during which dreaming does not occur. These B. sleep apnea The brain's reward pathway is located in the true. B. are slower than automatic processes. Samantha tells Ava, her friend, that she should use imagery when studying. Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's She says she B. how cannibalized worms can pass on skills they had learned to the cannibals. Night terrors typically occur Her biological clock has become desynchronized. Working memory allows individuals to hold information permanently as they perform This is an example of B. have been to similar Fancy Foods Restaurants in other towns. D. a flashbulb memory, Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be This illustrates the concept of. B. the parietal lobes of the brain are involved in both retrospective memory and prospective D. transforms information into a form that can be stored in memory. Do we dream during each type of sleep? Kate, a long-time coffee drinker, complains of pounding headaches and lowered mood when she Betty has dissociative identity disorder. 128. Robert drank too much tequila last night. B. The remaining 12 pairs of skates are marked down to 50% of the original selling price and are finally sold. Scientists propose that sleep restores, replenishes, and rebuilds the brain and body. D. Margaret will have difficulty with short-term memories. 14 before, Jacob explains the rules of the game to him. C. implicit D.They are considered to be conscious behaviors. An individual's autobiographical memory forms the core of the individual's A. fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities. A. depressants A. in an altered state of consciousness. The set is on sale for$44.95. Which of the following structures of memory is autobiographical? Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis? 70. Which of the following is true of observational learning? B. A. A. Depressants _____ whereas stimulants _____. C. insomnia During a class lecture, Veronica fancies herself to be attending a Bon Jovi concert in Miami. In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, C. sleeping. According to _____, dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower brain. A. B. difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early. 60. C. Stage 5 sleep/ stage 3 and stage 4 sleep A. Mindfulness Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that are not real? C. automatic processing. D. GABA. D. sensory memory, Based on the famous case study of H.M., a patient who had severe epilepsy, H.M. underwent true. C. It is derived from natural components of plants. A. C. habituation. A. What type of drug is Gloria dependent on? C. stores information so that it can be retained over time. stimulus. Which of the following is true of shallow processing in memory? As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. C. the divided-consciousness view of hypnosis. 52. C. Decay In the context of memory processes, which of the following scenarios best illustrates the process of Compare and contrast the two major theories of dreaming (the cognitive theory of dreaming and the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming). C. William James's theory B. Generalization 88. B. Which of the following can best explain her behavior? The brain's reward pathway is located in the to make it pleasurable. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. Jerry is in the process of getting a divorce and is having trouble at his job. therapist listens and then offers the interpretation that this dream signifies Homer's unconscious desires to be free of his Identify Which of the following statements is true of caffeine? 26. A. Nightmares/Night terrors B. melatonin Brett takes a drug that increases his feeling of euphoria. D. stage 4, 34. 81. Which of the following is true of the visuo-spatial sketchpad? 71. B. anterograde amnesia. A. Insomnia is a disorder involving They enhance decision making. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. C. physical and/or psychological dependence develops. famous singer. C. are the lowest or least alert state of human consciousness. B. implicit memory. A. physical dependence. It involves a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep. Discuss the distinctions among depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. What is the definition of a binge-drinking episode? Which of the following statements is true of alcohol? Implicit memory is a person's knowledge about the world. A. Her response is an example of a A. fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities. A. Psychological/physical C. A stimulus is recognized and labeled in shallow processing. D. stop breathing while they are sleeping. B.Narcolepsy Your friend wonders Furthermore, it can get rid of cravings during the process, which prevents weight gain while. What type of long-term memory has primarily A. detects information from the world without receiving concrete sensory input. B. time line therapy. Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night. They increase dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. D. subconscious awareness. D. do not require selective attention, States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities Awareness involves the _____, whereas arousal is determined by the _____. WebAccording to hypnosis researcher Ernest Hilgard, hypnosis brings about a dissociation of consciousness into two simultaneous components. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. B. following sleep apnea. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. Illicit drug use is a global problem. C. increased tolerance. accurately enough to retrieve them successfully. D. slow down central-nervous-system activity/modify a person's perceptual experience, A. slow down central-nervous-system activity/increase central-nervous-system activity, 86. B. Endosymbiosis B. dopamine C. episodic memory B. Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist's office D. extinction, Shirley repeatedly ends up receiving bad grades in algebra no matter how hard she studies. According to cognitive theory, since dreaming involves information processing and memory, dreams are essentially subconscious forms of cognitive processing. A. tranquilizer. ________, a third element of observational learning, is the process of imitating the model's actions. A. A. stage 1 sleep. A. B. conceptualization. D. Semantic, meaningful, and symbolic characteristics are used in shallow processing. B. A. have a friend who works there. A. The drug she took is most likely a This behavior suggests that Jillian's ________ is impaired, but her ________ A. lower-level consciousness B. classical conditioning helped Jacob to recount his knowledge of chess to Boris? A. why students should study exam material over a period of days instead of hours. C. neutral stimulus. C. A pigeon learns to guide a warhead to its target. B. Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. A. storage failures. D. conditioned oppression. What is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for others? A. ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. A trained and certified hypnotist or hypnotherapist guides you into this deep state of focus and relaxation with verbal cues, repetition and imagery. Every night when she goes been trained to perform this behavior through B. a change in GABA Psych 101 Final Study Guide A. Valium B. B. theory of relativity. He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music. When we are taking a math test, we are engaged in a high-level consciousness activity. 129. A. Daydreaming lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered state of consciousness. D. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. She says she needs the caffeine to function normally. testing ________ abilities. D. somnambulism. A. high consciousness. C. Sustained attention In operant conditioning, A. narcolepsy He always uses a specific amount C. representing higher executive function. C. subconscious awareness Which of the following is true of acquisition in classical conditioning? It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors. C. best explained by the concept of instinctive drift and positive reinforcement. D. observational learning, Elaine is writing a paper about reactions to the tragedy that occurred at the Twin Towers on Which of the following should be included on your list? WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. Frank buys a new smartphone and tries exploring the phone's features as soon as he reaches home. B. secondary B. narcolepsy. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. Hypnosis Classical conditioning can produce immunosuppression. Losing one's sense of self-consciousness and hallucinating specifically during the use of drugs exemplifies D. the bell had become a conditioned response. C. Generalization science of memory, this tip will be most useful to Ava when she is ________ information. alcoholic beverage, he or she also consumes a mixture that induces nausea. Concentration D. They involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal. D. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. 66. 14. D. During acquisition, the unconditional stimulus loses the ability to elicit any kind of response Mary used the tactic of are called C. stage 1 Nicotine raises _____ levels in the brain. Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. D. bumblebee. C.night terrors play a very important role in ________ memory. Psychological dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons. A. the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex In aversive conditioning experiments to treat alcohol addiction, every time a person drinks an If so, are there distinctions between REM and non-REM dreams? C. Mapping out the location of your vacation destination Luke, who frequently takes drugs, keeps complaining that his drapes are growing tentacles that are threatening to strangle him. Choose the letter of the correct term or concept below to complete the sentence. D. conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus, ________ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the A. Stacey's tests are based on recall. C. sustained attention. true. example of a ________ task, whereas asking an eyewitness to identify a suspect on the basis of a lineup control over negative outcomes. D. cortisol. Your father falls asleep watching TV. D. no awareness. B. narcolepsy D. Jeff wakes up a few seconds before his alarm clock goes off in order to avoid the obnoxious revealed increased activity of her central nervous system. Stage 3 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep themselves? B. the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave. Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. Elaine has 107. A. our conscious thoughts and feelings. What is the definition of a binge-drinking episode? Define the five levels of awareness and give an example of each. Hilgard's view that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness into two separate components, one of which follows the hypnotist's commands and the other of which acts as a "hidden observer" is known as D. Acquisition. D. habituation. D. serotonin dependence. During REM sleep, the sleeper's eyeballs move up and down and from left to right. The price is reduced 25% and 6 more pairs sell. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. C. H.M.'s procedural memory suffered the most damage. When circadian rhythms are disrupted (e.g., if we must adapt to a new time zone or have to switch from working the day shift to working the night shift), all of the major physiological functions listed above become desynchronized. B. episodic memory. A. in an altered state of consciousness. the A. The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. A neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time. D. Organisms learn to act by imitating others. B. B. an organism responds appropriately to stimuli that signal that a behavior will or will not be Tolman demonstrated that rats can learn to run a maze correctly even though they were never A. inhalants. They enhance decision making. given level of memory encoding. D. Implicit memory is also known as declarative memory. Night terrors typically occur C. in a hypnagogic state. A. nondeclarative memory feelings. A. complete lack of awareness. binary consciousness. problems is she most likely to have now? Falling asleep all of a sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of A. slow down central-nervous-system activity/increase central-nervous-system activity D. theory of activation-synthesis. About Hypnosis It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. D. dormant rhythm. C. Leonard's friend switched his drugs in order to teach him not to use drugs by switching his Only 6 pairs of the skates sell at the original price, and the manager decides to mark down the remaining skates. D. insomnia. B. hallucinogens private experiences. Some people are more easily hypnotized than others, and some are more strongly influenced by hypnotic suggestions. D. stage 3 and stage 4. A. infantile amnesia. Betty is most likely Lucy suffers from is still functioning. D. dreams are caused by neurotransmitter levels. of operant conditioning, Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through brain's activities. B. addiction. Time line therapy D. a placebo effect, A. removal of a psychoactive drug from diet, 98. Quizlet D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. They have serious arguments with others. D. no awareness. Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? A. C. chunks D. a learner's behavior is followed by a pleasant consequence. B. insomnia. How much Social Security taxes will be deducted from her salary in November? WebIdentify the true and false statements about someone with split brain. D. subconscious awareness. Homer goes to his psychotherapist and describes his recent dreams where he flies like an eagle through the sky. D. difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early. True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. D. Classical conditioning can explain drug habituation. he mows the lawn. true. C. retrograde amnesia. D. Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness. D. Theory of mind, What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? 4. A. the activation-synthesis theory D. Neodissociated/dissociated. A. serotonin. Lately he has experienced serious difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. B. Opiates The active ingredient in marijuana is THC, which specifically affects serotonin. Extinction C. schema It negates the role of deep processing in memory. D. Divided attention. Quizlet C. interfere with other ongoing activities. C. heroin It is likely that he is A. daydreaming. A. sensory B. Eventually, Shirley stops studying for algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will enable her to 5. B. Ecstasy. Thus, sleep seems absolutely fundamental for survival. D. the dual-code hypothesis. Hypnosis In this situation, the product is C. prefrontal cortex In the context of short-term memory, which of the following is true of rehearsal? Altered states of consciousness are mental states that are noticeably different from normal awareness (e.g., sleeping or dreaming). likely taking? D. They are most effective in curing somnambulism and somniloquy. Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys. 68. It also is called hypnotherapy. aspect of an experience. A. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. It can only be used to store verbal information for half a minute or less. Child Development: An Active Learning Approach. A. A. C. activation-synthesis A. sleep apnea. _____ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. Those who tend to become completely absorbed in what they are doing and who immerse themselves in imaginative activities are likely candidates for hypnosis. Identify a true statement about hypnosis Controlled processes C. physical and/or psychological dependence develops. A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that C. immediately forgetting relevant information. A. nondeclarative memory. D. psychological dependence. C. Theory of mechanism Identify the true statement about sleepwalking. 38. Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. drugs? A. Prosom Transmission The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming. Jet lag may be best explained by the All animals require sleep. people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. B. chunking Kate, a long-time coffee drinker, complains of pounding headaches and lowered mood when she skips her coffee in the morning. D. Episodic memory/Semantic memory, Which of the following is subdivided into episodic and semantic memory? B. B. daydreaming. In some cases, hallucinogens may produce hallucinations, which are typically visual and/or auditory perceptions that are not real. C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. Automatic processes require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. Medical tests complementary consciousness. C. daydreaming. D. negative punishment. A. Edward, who began drinking at age 40 A. D. Daydreaming most often occurs in the form of mind wandering. It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. Which of the following is true of elaboration in memory? B. WebActivation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories. REM is an active stage of sleep that occurs in stage 5. B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. 33. C. Daydreaming makes the mind completely idle and inactive. The need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect that a lower dose used to bring is called D. generalization, The process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, A. brain. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. A. high consciousness B. fire D. operant conditioning. A. stimulants. C. tolerance. schedules. B. conditioned stimulus (CS). D. incubation. 19. A. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. A. metacognition. Explain how these drugs affect physical and psychological functioning. C. Implicit memory is related to non-consciously remembering skills and sensory perceptions. Other studies have shown that sleep coincides with the release of growth hormone in children, thus suggesting that sleep plays an important role in physical growth and brain development. D. mental structuring. Hypnosis is a trance-like mental state in which people experience increased attention, concentration, and suggestibility. According to the While attending a lecture, Lea starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake. moves to long-term memory. C. in an altered state of consciousness. WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. A. psychological dependence. Lightning is associated with thunder and regularly precedes it. C. a change in GABA WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. D.sleep apnea, 55. C. insomnia. D. Alcohol is a powerful drug that acts on the body primarily as a stimulant and speeds up the brain's activities. With this condition, he reawakens several times during the night so that he can breathe better. C. secondary reinforcement. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. C. hallucinogens C. negative punishment. View B. sleep apneA.C.a state called hypnagogic reverie. C. alcohol/cocaine Belinda and John were best friends through their school years. C. less vivid. C. hallucinogen. A. REM sleep is an active stage of sleep during which dreaming does not occur. A. a circadian rhythm anomaly. D. dramatic changes in environmental stimuli, Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. B. B. It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. Recollections of one's first family vacation to Disneyland are most likely part of one's 5 Applied behavior analysis is based on the concept of Jacob warns her that repeated use of this drug could have lasting negative effects on the neurotransmitter Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. _____ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. Circadian rhythms are daily behavioral and physiological cycles that regulate all vital life functions. B. insomnia. D. periodic attacks of uncontrollable sleepiness. C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. A. discovery learning. 20. Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. _____ meditation has beneficial effects on a variety of conditions, including depression, panic attacks, anxiety, chronic pain, stress, and psoriasis. 69. B. 2 and 7 memory, not in explicit memory. C. stage 3 A. the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. C. hypnosis. WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. C. operant conditioning. C. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. C. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. cognitive tasks. Widespread areas of the cerebral cortex are disabled when individuals are in a hypnotic state. According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize clothes. 89. Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. True. D. prefrontal cortex/reticular activating system, _______ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable B. quickly scanning information for relevant details. D. a loud noise. C. Motor reproduction C. Somnambulisms/Nightmares C. a hypnogogic reverie. D. It refers to a continuum of memory processing. reinforced. WebA. A. non-REM sequence. According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a, According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize, ________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the. If Gary described his dream to a psychotherapist, the therapist would tell him that what he had dreamed about was his fear of financial issues and not being able to pay all his bills. A. Daydreaming about your upcoming vacation C. self-actualization. It also is called hypnotherapy. _____ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. C. ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. C. the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for food. ________, like RAM, is comparable to what you actually have open and active at any given moment. C. executive processes. Hypnosis A. of reinforcement? how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. 31. where they were and what they were doing when they first learned of the terrorist attacks. A. higher-level consciousness accurate? A. stage 1 B. Expectancy learning C. modify a person's perceptual experience/slow down central-nervous-system activity C. anterograde amnesia. Manifest Content: The literal content of B. . C. improve test scores. A. secondary A. removal of a psychoactive drug from diet C. baby's crying. Identify the true statement about automatic processes. A. depressants. without further conditioning, is called Hypnosis has been officially endorsed as a therapeutic method by medical, psychiatric, dental, and psychological associations throughout the world. C. positive punishment. 73. Operating expenses for the store are 25% of cost, while total markup on this type of product is 35% of selling price. D. depressant. B. operant conditioning A. daydreaming. B. exhibiting controlled processing. B. inhalant D. an altered state of consciousness. The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of D. activation-synthesis. In classical-conditioning situations, the ________ is unlearned, but the ________ is learned. 36. A. D. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep. True. In the context B. hypnagogic reverie C. fatigue. D. barbiturates. 58. called ________, in which the organism, exposed to uncontrollable aversive stimuli, learns that it has no B. demonstrating automatic processing. This is an example of C. chunking. D. in an altered state of consciousness. C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. B. Jennifer's tests have poorer retrieval cues than Stacey's tests. According to the principles of classical WebIdentify the true and false statements about someone with split brain. 65. A. C. It is the most powerful type of depressant. Individuals with "discovered" memories experience them as real, whether or not the needs the caffeine to function normally. A. sensory memory. They decrease dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. skips her coffee in the morning. 101. B. Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness. C. They increase dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. D. reorganizing information that exceeds the 7 plus or minus 2 rule into smaller more After someone wakes up from hypnosis, he or she may have involuntary reactions to a stimulus but not remember why. A. storage a lot of people can be hypnotized: true or false. D. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. D. H.M. showed major deficits in sensory, short-term, and long-term implicit memory.1, Which of the following refers to the conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts and B. C. crack. Hypnosis can be used to treat alcoholism, somnambulism, depression, suicidal tendencies, post-traumatic stress disorder, migraines, overeating, diabetes, and smoking. D. during non-REM sleep. He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive. What is the likely cause of these complaints? conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired. reinforced for successfully running through it. Thus, when we see lightning, we Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. A. automatic processes.